PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.